Do these voltage change when you plug in the filter board? If so, there are two options: either your power supply is too weak (try setting it to 9V and check that it can source at least 300mA) ; or there is a short on the control board.
If you are reading constantly negative voltages on the Stacking connector you don’t point the black probe to GND.
See here for a tutorial on how to make correct measurements - you stated its your first build so maybe its your first time you try to use a Multimeter. So far your Measurments are either mysterious or (because you didn’t measure right) meaningless.
BTW the voltage regulators are IC 6 and IC 2 and both have 3 Pins. Make shure you didn’t swap them as these are 2 different types in the same package, labeled 7805 and 7905. IC 5 and 9 are LM13700 double Transconductance Amplifiers, the have nothing to do with the conditioning of the Power.
It looks like the 7805 is fried. You should read +5V on the “O” pin. Another thing worth trying: with the board not powered, is there any continuity between +5V and GND?
@fcd72, sometimes I think the marking on some wallwarts, like “9V 300mA” means “has the internal redresser and cap sufficiently large so that it can power a 7809 under a load of 300mA” ; ie, “output voltage has a huge AC component and doesn’t drop below 11V as long as less than 300mA is drawn”. Silly but that’s the only way I could make sense on the labelling of some samples I have…
15V is not unusual for a 9V unit. The -15V comes from the LT1054.